Hairstyles Of The Middle Ages

A Thousand Years of Hair: Exploring Medieval Hairstyles

The Middle Ages, spanning from the 5th to the 15th century, weren't a monolithic block of time. Fashion, including hairstyles, evolved significantly across this vast period, influenced by geography, social class, and religious beliefs. This article delves into the fascinating world of medieval hairstyles, revealing the rich tapestry of styles, the materials used, and the social significance they held. We’ll journey through the complexities of braids, buns, veils, and head coverings, uncovering the stories hidden within each carefully constructed coiffure.

Introduction: A Time of Transformation

Understanding medieval hairstyles requires acknowledging the significant changes across the era. The early Middle Ages, often associated with the "Dark Ages," saw a simplification of styles compared to the elaborate Roman hairstyles that preceded them. Practicality and functionality were key, reflecting the challenging socio-political landscape. However, as the era progressed, particularly during the later Middle Ages (roughly 11th-15th centuries), hairstyles grew increasingly elaborate, reflecting a growing affluence and a renewed interest in classical aesthetics. This evolution is reflected not just in the styles themselves but also in the use of accessories and the available technologies for hair care.

Early Medieval Hairstyles (5th-11th Centuries): Simplicity and Practicality

The early medieval period witnessed a shift away from the complex styles of the Roman Empire. Women's hair was often worn long, sometimes simply braided or plaited. These braids were frequently incorporated into buns or twists at the crown or nape of the neck, held in place with pins or ribbons. The braid was a ubiquitous style across all classes, though the complexity and decoration varied. Peasant women might have worn simple single braids, whereas wealthier women might have incorporated multiple braids, intricate patterns, or added decorative elements like beads or ribbons.

For men, the prevalent style was short to medium-length hair, often worn straight or with loose waves. Bearded styles were common, ranging from neatly trimmed beards to longer, fuller ones, reflecting both personal preference and social status. Long hair for men was less common during this period, although it wasn't unheard of, particularly amongst certain religious or social groups. The practicality of these hairstyles is evident; they were easy to maintain and wouldn't hinder daily tasks.

The High and Late Middle Ages (11th-15th Centuries): Elaboration and Ornamentation

The later Middle Ages brought a significant change in hairstyle trends. The rediscovery of classical learning and the economic growth of the period spurred a renewed interest in more elaborate and ornamented hairstyles. Women's hair became increasingly central to fashion, with a greater emphasis on length, volume, and elaborate styling.

Several key styles emerged during this time:

• The French Roll or Braid Crown: This involved creating a series of intricate braids that were then woven around the head to form a crown-like effect. This style required considerable skill and often involved the use of hairpins, combs, and decorative accessories.

• The Wimple: This wasn’t strictly a hairstyle but an essential part of women’s head coverings. The wimple was a linen or silk cloth that framed the face, concealing the hair and often extending down to the shoulders. It was primarily worn by married women and represented modesty and piety.

• The Hennin: Towards the end of the Middle Ages, the hennin became a fashionable head covering. This conical, tall hat was often worn over a veil and signified high social status. The hennin’s height was a matter of social competition, indicating wealth and status. This extremely high headdress required intricate supporting structures, highlighting the high value placed on elaborate headwear.

Men's hairstyles also underwent a transformation. Longer hair, often curled or waved, became increasingly popular, particularly amongst the nobility. Elaborate beards and mustaches were also fashionable, reflecting a renewed interest in classical aesthetics. The beard became a statement of social status and personal grooming practices.

Materials and Accessories: Enhancing Medieval Hairstyles

The materials used to create and adorn medieval hairstyles reflected the available resources and social standing. Wealthier individuals had access to a wider range of materials, while those of lower social standing relied on more readily available resources.

• Hairpins and Combs: These were essential tools for securing hairstyles, and their decorative potential was well exploited. Wealthy individuals might have used hairpins made of precious metals or adorned with jewels, while those of lower social standing would have used simpler materials like bone or wood.

• Ribbons and Tapes: These were used extensively to decorate and hold braids and buns. The colours and patterns of ribbons could signify social standing or personal preferences.

• Veils and Head Coverings: These provided both modesty and protection from the elements, and they too were highly decorative for the upper classes, displaying intricate embroidery and delicate fabrics. They reflected a variety of religious and social meanings.

• Wigs and Hairpieces: While evidence isn't extensive, the use of wigs and hairpieces might have been common amongst the wealthy, allowing for more elaborate and changeable styles.

• Natural Oils and Pomades: Various oils and pomades were used to maintain hair health and to create desired textures and styles. These could range from simple plant oils to more expensive imported substances.

Regional Variations: A Diverse Hairscape

Medieval hairstyles weren't uniform across Europe. Regional variations existed, reflecting local cultural traditions and the availability of resources. For example, certain braids or buns might have been particularly popular in a specific area. The integration of local materials and traditions contributed to a rich diversity of hair styles. In Northern Europe, practical and protective styles were dominant, while the Mediterranean regions allowed for more elaborate styles.

Social Significance: Hairstyles as Status Symbols

Hairstyles in the Middle Ages weren't merely aesthetic choices; they held significant social meaning. The complexity, length, and adornment of a hairstyle were frequently indicative of social status and wealth. Elaborate hairstyles were generally associated with the nobility and upper classes, reflecting their leisure time and access to resources. In contrast, the hairstyles of the peasantry were simpler and more practical. Furthermore, the way the hair was covered or revealed held significance relating to marital status, religious affiliation, and social customs.

Religious Influences: Modesty and Piety

Religion played a significant role in shaping medieval attitudes toward hair. The Christian Church emphasized modesty and piety, which influenced how women in particular wore their hair. Long hair was typically associated with femininity and therefore needed to be covered, especially in public. Veils, wimples, and other head coverings were employed to demonstrate modesty and piety, and this religious undertone influenced hairstyle choices throughout the period.

Conclusion: A Legacy of Style

Medieval hairstyles, far from being simple or uniform, reveal a complex interplay of practicality, social status, religious beliefs, and regional variations. From the simple braids of the early Middle Ages to the elaborate coiffures and head coverings of the later period, hairstyles reflected the changing socio-cultural landscape. Studying these hairstyles provides valuable insights into the lives, beliefs, and social structures of medieval societies. They represent not just fashion choices but a vital aspect of the social and cultural fabric of the time. The legacy of these styles continues to influence contemporary hairdressing, reminding us of the enduring power of hairstyling as a form of self-expression and social commentary, a silent story whispered across centuries.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Were there specific hairstyles associated with different occupations in the Middle Ages?

A: While there wasn't a direct, formalized link between occupation and hairstyle, certain styles might have been more practical for certain jobs. For instance, women working in fields might have opted for simpler, more secure styles that wouldn't interfere with their work.

Q: How were medieval hairstyles maintained?

A: Maintenance varied depending on social class and resources. Wealthier individuals may have had servants to assist with hair care. Natural oils and pomades would have been used to condition and style the hair. Regular combing and braiding would have been essential for maintaining the styles.

Q: Did men ever wear long hair in the Middle Ages?

A: While shorter hair was more common, long hair was not unheard of, particularly amongst nobles and certain religious figures. The length and style of men’s hair varied across time periods and geographical regions.

Q: How did medieval people colour their hair?

A: Natural dyes, such as henna or plant-based extracts, were used to alter hair colour. The availability of such dyes varied across regions, and the use of artificial hair colouring was likely limited to the wealthy.

Q: What happened to hairstyles after the Middle Ages?

A: The Renaissance saw a gradual shift toward more elaborate and ornate hairstyles, influenced by classical styles and artistic expression. The focus on volume and adornment continued, leading to a new era of fashionable and extravagant hairstyles.